The geographic pattern of genetic differentiation was further investigated with a spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA. Haplotype number, haplotype diversity, and nucleotide diversity were calculated, and genetic variation within and among populations was assessed by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA. A total of 4041 base pairs (bp of the chloroplast intergenic spacer region (cpDNA was sequenced from 485 individuals sampled from glaciated (18 populations, 275 individuals and unglaciated (14 populations, 210 individuals regions east and west of the Appalachian Mountains. In this study, we investigated infraspecific variation among 32 populations of skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus, to test the hypothesis that the extant species diversity of skunk cabbage is the result of a post-glacial range expansion from southern refugia during the Quaternary Ice Age. Surprisingly, little is known about the post-glacial recolonization history of wetland herbaceous perennials that are widely distributed in the understory of deciduous or mixed deciduous-evergreen forests in eastern North America. Phylogeography and Ecological Niche Modeling Reveal Reduced Genetic Diversity and Colonization Patterns of Skunk Cabbage (Symplocarpus foetidus Araceae From Glacial Refugia in Eastern North Americaĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Alternating glacial and interglacial periods during the Quaternary have dramatically affected the distribution and population genetic structure of plant and animal species throughout the northern hemisphere. foetidus is inherent and that it is an adaptive response to the natural environment. foetidus was governed by low-dimensional chaotic dynamics, the geometry of which showed a strange attractor named the “Zazen attractor.†Our data suggest that the chaotic thermoregulation in S.
foetidus using nonlinear forecasting, attractor and correlation dimension analyses. Here we report the underlying dynamics of temperature control in S. foetidus, or whether such an algorithm might exhibit linear or nonlinear thermoregulatory dynamics. However, it is not clear whether a unique algorithm controls the homeothermic behavior of S. Skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidus, has been demonstrated to maintain an internal temperature of around 20 Â☌ even when the ambient temperature drops below freezing. Nonlinear dynamics of homeothermic temperature control in skunk cabbage, Symplocarpus foetidusĬertain primitive plants undergo orchestrated temperature control during flowering.
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